Ward's Trogon

In the cool, damp understory of Arunachal Pradesh's Eastern Himalayan forests, a flash of crimson, blue, and black signals the presence of the Ward's Trogon (Harpactes wardi). This species, restricted to the higher elevations, inhabits broadleaf evergreen and conifer forests, often near fast-flowing streams. The dense canopy and steep terrain make it a challenging bird to observe, even for seasoned ornithologists, adding to its mystique and desirability among birdwatchers. Its presence is often indicated first by its distinctive, mournful call, a series of mellow coo notes that resonate through the mist-shrouded valleys.

History & Context

The Ward's Trogon was first described to science by Dr. F. Kingdon Ward, a British botanist and explorer, during his expeditions in the region in the early 20th century, hence its common name. Its restricted range across the eastern Himalayas, including parts of Bhutan, northeastern India (primarily Arunachal Pradesh), and adjacent areas of Myanmar and China, places it on the 'Near Threatened' list by the IUCN. This classification underscores the importance of habitat preservation in these fragile montane ecosystems. Ornithological research into this species often involves arduous treks into remote areas, contributing to a rich history of scientific discovery intertwined with exploration.

What Makes It Distinctive

Distinguished from other trogon species by its iridescent crimson underparts (in males), deep blue-black head, and a prominent white orbital ring, the Ward's Trogon male is a visual spectacle. Females are equally striking, though more subdued, with olive-brown upperparts and rose-pink underparts. Unlike many birds, trogons have heterodactyl feet, with two toes pointing forward and two backward, an adaptation thought to be useful for perching on branches and in tree cavities during nesting. This species primarily feeds on insects, often hawking them from tree branches, but also consumes berries and small fruits. Its cryptic behaviour and preference for dense forest cover mean that a glimpse of this bird is often fleeting, making every sighting a memorable event. The lack of detailed studies on its breeding biology further adds to its unique allure, hinting at many ecological secrets yet to be uncovered within its remote habitat.

Best Time to Visit

The optimal period for birdwatching in Arunachal Pradesh, and thus for potentially spotting the Ward's Trogon, is from November to April. During these months, the weather is generally clear, and rainfall is minimal, offering better visibility and more comfortable trekking conditions. Temperatures range from cool to chilly, especially at higher altitudes where the species is typically found. The winter months (December-February) can be cold, with occasional snow at very high elevations, but bird activity can be high. From March onwards, the rhododendrons begin to bloom, adding to the visual splendor of the region, though temperatures rise, and pre-monsoon showers might begin in late April.

How to Reach

The most common gateways to Arunachal Pradesh for accessing areas where Ward's Trogon might be found are Tezpur (Assam) or Guwahati (Assam). Flight connections are:

• Nearest Airport: Lilabari Airport (IXI) near North Lakhimpur, Assam, approximately 3-4 hours by road to western Arunachal entry points like Itanagar, or Tezpur Airport (TEZ), approximately 2-3 hours to similar entry points.
• Nearest Major Airport: Guwahati International Airport (GAU), Assam, is about 5-6 hours by road to Tezpur, serving as a primary hub for visitors to the Northeast. From Guwahati, one would typically travel to Tezpur or Bomdila to access specific birding routes.
• Nearest Railhead: Harmuti Railway Station (HMY) in Assam, approximately 30 km from Itanagar. Another option is North Lakhimpur Railway Station (NLP), offering connections to major Indian cities.
• Road: From Guwahati, a well-maintained road (NH15) connects to Tezpur, which then further leads into Arunachal Pradesh. Travel times to areas like Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary or Mishmi Hills can range from 8 to 14 hours from Guwahati, depending on the specific destination and road conditions.

Permits & Entry

Entry into Arunachal Pradesh requires permits for all visitors.

• Indian Nationals: An Inner Line Permit (ILP) is mandatory. It can be obtained online through the Arunachal Pradesh government portal or in person from Resident Commissioner's offices in major cities like Delhi, Kolkata, Guwahati, and Tezpur. Information is not officially published or may change. Visitors are advised to confirm locally before travelling. Specific protected areas like Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary may require additional entry fees or permits, which are usually managed locally by the forest department.
• Foreign Nationals: A Protected Area Permit (PAP) is required. This permit can be obtained through registered tour operators or from Indian missions abroad. Information is not officially published or may change. Visitors are advised to confirm locally before travelling. Foreigners often need to travel in groups of two or more, though solo travel may be permitted with specific approvals.

Nearby Attractions

• Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary: Renowned for its exceptional avian diversity, including other rare species like Bugun Liochicla, offering fantastic birdwatching opportunities.
• Pakke Tiger Reserve (Pakke Kessang): A critical habitat for tigers, elephants, and various bird species, located closer to the foothills.
• Tawang Monastery: A significant Buddhist monastery and cultural landmark, providing a spiritual and historical experience amidst stunning mountainscapes.
• Sela Pass: A high-altitude mountain pass offering panoramic views of the Eastern Himalayas and often snow-covered, a scenic stop en route to Tawang.
• Bomdila: A charming town offering views of the Western Himalayas, with a local monastery and craft center.

Traveller Tips

• Connectivity: Mobile network coverage is erratic, especially in remote high-altitude regions. BSNL generally offers better connectivity than private operators. Consider a satellite phone for emergencies.
• Altitude Sickness: Many birding spots are at elevations above 2,000 meters. Acclimatize gradually, stay hydrated, and be aware of symptoms of acute mountain sickness.
• Packing: Layered clothing is essential due to variable temperatures. Bring waterproof outer shells, sturdy trekking boots, and appropriate gear for cold weather, even outside winter months.
• Local Guides: Engaging an experienced local birding guide is highly recommended to improve chances of spotting elusive species and navigate the terrain safely.
• Photography: A good telephoto lens is crucial for bird photography. Be patient and respect the wildlife's space.
• Respect Local Culture: Arunachal Pradesh is home to numerous indigenous tribes. Be mindful of local customs and traditions, ask permission before photographing people, and dress modestly, especially when visiting monasteries or villages.
• Medical Preparedness: Carry a comprehensive first-aid kit, including prescribed medications and remedies for minor ailments, as medical facilities can be sparse in remote areas.
• Environmental Responsibility: Practice Leave No Trace principles. Carry out all trash, avoid disturbing wildlife, and support local conservation efforts.